Quantum Entropy Source

A source of randomness based on fundamentally unpredictable quantum mechanical processes. Unlike classical entropy sources, quantum entropy sources leverage the inherent randomness of quantum phenomena, providing a higher degree of unpredictability crucial for cryptographic applications. Different QRNG technologies use various quantum processes as entropy sources:

• Quantum computer-based (used by Quantum Origin): Utilizes entangled qubits in a quantum computer to generate initial quantum randomness. This method allows for Bell test verification to establish a lower bound on min-entropy. The output then undergoes two-source extraction to produce a near-perfect quantum seed, which is mathematically provable.
• Photonic QRNGs: Exploit the quantum properties of light, such as: a) Photon counting: Measures the random arrival times of photons. b) Beam splitting: Uses the unpredictable path a photon takes when encountering a beam splitter.
• Electronic QRNGs: Leverage quantum effects in electronic circuits, including a) Shot noise: Random fluctuations in electric current due to the discrete nature of charge carriers. b) Thermal noise: Random electron movement due to temperature.
• Radioactive decay: Uses the unpredictable timing of radioactive particle emissions.

Most hardware-based QRNGs require additional processing like noise reduction and bias correction to improve their output. Quantum Origin's approach differs by using a quantum computer to generate initial randomness with a provable min-entropy bound, followed by a mathematically rigorous two-source extraction process. This method results in a near-perfect quantum seed, eliminating the need for the kind of extensive post-processing typically required by hardware QRNGs to address environmental and hardware-related imperfections.